Jordan’s ecotourism initiatives : exploring the magic of Wadi Rum and Dana Biosphere Reserve
Wadi Rum: Lunar landscapes and community-driven initiatives
Known as the "Valley of the Moon," Wadi Rum is a spectacular desert inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its red sand dunes, towering rock formations, and ancient petroglyphs attract visitors from across the globe. Beyond its natural beauty, Wadi Rum has become a hub for ecotourism initiatives aimed at preserving its fragile environment.
Bedouin communities play a central role in managing tourism in Wadi Rum. Numerous eco-friendly camps provide authentic experiences while minimizing environmental impact. These camps utilize renewable energy, practice efficient waste management, and promote local, organic cuisine. Activities such as trekking, camel rides, rock climbing, and hot air balloon excursions allow visitors to explore the region without causing harm. Many camps also organize workshops on local ecology to encourage responsible practices among tourists.
The economic impact of ecotourism in Wadi Rum has been significant. Approximately 300 direct jobs have been created for local Bedouins, including roles as guides, drivers, and camp managers. These opportunities have diversified income sources in a region historically reliant on livestock farming. According to the Jordan Tourism Board, tourism revenues in Wadi Rum exceed 5 million Jordanian dinars (approximately 7 million euros) annually, with much of this income directly benefiting local communities.
International organizations have also supported these efforts. For instance, the European Union has funded programs to improve natural resource management in the area, such as preserving critical underground aquifers in the arid desert. These collaborations ensure the sustainability of ecotourism projects while providing essential infrastructure.
Dana Biosphere Reserve : A sanctuary of biodiversity
Nestled between the mountains and valleys of southern Jordan, the Dana Biosphere Reserve is the country’s largest nature reserve, covering 320 square kilometers. It is home to over 800 plant and animal species, including endangered ones such as the Nubian ibex and sand cat. Managed by the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature (RSCN), the reserve is a model of conservation, reinvesting ecotourism revenues into programs that protect natural habitats and endemic species.
Dana’s success also lies in its emphasis on community-based tourism. Projects like the Dana Guest House and Feynan Ecolodge employ local residents, creating economic opportunities in rural areas. The internationally acclaimed Feynan Ecolodge runs entirely on solar energy and highlights local crafts such as pottery and weaving. This model has generated nearly 50 permanent jobs for the surrounding community, with each tourist stay contributing approximately 90 Jordanian dinars (120 euros) directly to local families, according to Wild Jordan.
Hiking trails like the Dana to Petra Trek immerse visitors in the region’s natural beauty while adhering to ecological guidelines. Trained conservation guides lead these treks, and visitors are encouraged to participate in educational workshops. In 2022, the reserve welcomed over 15,000 visitors, generating substantial revenues that were reinvested in conservation and community development projects. Additionally, the French Development Agency (AFD) has collaborated with the RSCN to fund ecotourism projects, including trail restoration and the creation of interpretation centers.
Challenges and prospects for ecotourism in Jordan
Jordan is increasingly committed to sustainable tourism practices. Many sites have adopted systems for managing resources responsibly, such as renewable energy use and limiting single-use plastics. However, the development of ecotourism in Jordan faces challenges, including raising awareness among visitors and enhancing eco-friendly infrastructure. Balancing tourism growth with environmental preservation remains a critical issue.
Efforts are underway to address these challenges. The RSCN provides specialized training for local guides to promote environmentally conscious practices, and new eco-friendly tour circuits are being developed. Partnerships with international organizations like UNESCO and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) strengthen local efforts, aiming to establish Jordan as a leading destination for sustainable tourism in the Middle East.
A model for sustainable tourism
With iconic sites like Wadi Rum and the Dana Biosphere Reserve, Jordan demonstrates that tourism can be a force for good, benefiting both the environment and local communities. By embracing eco-responsible practices and involving local populations, the country is laying the groundwork for an inspiring model of sustainable tourism. Visitors leave not just with unforgettable memories but with a deeper understanding of Jordan’s natural and cultural heritage.
Sources :
https://guidewadirum.com/wadi-rum
https://fr.visitjordan.com/Wheretogo/Dana-Feynan
